Zheng B, Zheng J, Zeng S (2003) Analysis of the nutritional composition in Chinese main lotus seed varieties. It is also used as a wrap for steaming rice and sticky rice and other steamed dishes in Southeast Asian cuisine, such as lo mai gai in Chinese cuisine or kao hor bai bua (Thai: ข้าวห่อใบบัว), fried rice wrapped in lotus leaf in Thai cuisine. [60] Especially in China, lotus seeds are popular with a cultural history going back about 3000 years. They are generally 1.2–1.8 cm long, with diameter ranging from 0.8 to 1.4 cm and a weight of 1.1–1.4 g. After lotus seeds have been decorticated and peeled, they are edible and rich in nutrients, and can be dried for storage. and … [39][40], Dry stored lotus seeds are sensitive to moisture and mold infestation; researchers continue to explore new ways to preserve fresh lotus seeds, for example radiation processing. [45][46][47] It is able to grow in variable water conditions[48] and in low light intensity. [44] Due to intense agricultural practices, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution are major problems in aquatic systems. [16] Most varieties are not cold-hardy. [4] It has a very long history (c. 3,000 years) of being cultivated for its edible seeds,[4] and it is commonly cultivated in water gardens. [36], Rhizomes contain high amounts of starch (31.2%) without characteristic taste or odor. The proteins are characterized by seed longevity used for cell protection and repair under stress. from outer space mutation. Flowers, seed receptacles and foliage are all unique, attractive and interesting additions to a water garden or pond. WordSense - English dictionary containing information about the meaning, the spelling and more.We answer the questions: What does nucifera‎ mean? Pronunciation of Nelumbo nucifera with 1 audio pronunciation, 4 synonyms, 1 meaning, 4 translations and more for Nelumbo nucifera. It is the normal pedestal for divine figures in Buddhist art and Hindu art, and often seen in Jain art. [57][43] Because of the special role in human health and richness in nutrients and bioactive substances, the Chinese Ministry of Health approved the use of N. nucifera as both "food and medicine". | Plants of the World Online", "Response of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) Winter hardy to USDA Zone 4 as long as the roots do not freeze (i.e., water does not freeze down to the roots). Nymphaeaceae). It is native to Asia and Australia. [25][19], The rhizomes mature to a suitable stage for eating in approximately six to nine months. Lotus rhizome and its extracts have shown diuretic, psychopharmacological, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, antipyretic and antioxidant activities. Rhizomes quickly lose water, oxidation occurs and nutrient composition changes within a short time after harvest. These water plants are easily recognized by their large round leaves, which are held above the water … Food Sci 33:91–98. Nelumbo nucifera, also known as Indian lotus, sacred lotus,[1] bean of India, Egyptian bean or simply lotus, is one of two extant species of aquatic plant in the family Nelumbonaceae. [6], The roots of lotus are planted in the soil of the pond or river bottom, while the leaves float on the water's surface or are held well above it. widely cultivated for its large pink or white flowers. The Lotus has different meanings throughout different cultures and time periods, but the general concept is the same. [29], Seed production of flower lotus is poor regarding yield and quality. The leaf stalks (petioles) can be up to 200 cm (6 ft 7 in) long, allowing the plant to grow in water to that depth,[7] and a horizontal spread of 1 m (3 ft 3 in). [citation needed], While all modern plant taxonomy systems agree that this species belongs in the genus Nelumbo, the systems disagree as to which family Nelumbo should be placed in, or whether the genus should belong in its own unique family and order. [46] Dipping the rhizomes in a salt solution prevents oxidation and bacterial reproduction, which allows storage for up to five months and a greater export ability. It is also known as the Indian lotus, the sacred water lily and the sacred lotus. Average yield of these cultivars in China is 1.05–1.9 t/ha (0.5–0.8 tons/acre) of dry seeds and weight of thousand seeds between 1,020 to 1,800 g (36 to 63 oz). The white lotus flower and pink lotus flower from the Nelumbo family are seen as meaning purity and devotion. It is a large-flowered lotus that typically grows 3-6’ tall in shallow water and spreads by thickened rhizomes rooted in the mud. Nelumbo nucifera is commonly called sacred lotus in reference to the sacred and symbolic status the flower holds in Buddhism and Hinduism. [44] Various studies show the successful use of N. nucifera to counteract water eutrophication. Originating in Indian art, it followed Indian religions to East Asia in particular. Traditional Eastern medicine claims that fresh lotus seed wine has thirst quenching, spleen healing and anti-diarrheal advantages after drinking, attributed to unspecified bioactive compounds. The rhizomes are then harvested next March. [63], These days the perennial aquatic herb is gaining popularity because of its nutraceutical and historical importance[60][43] It will be of economic value if the different parts of lotus can be developed as functional food. Some seeds have even remained viable for more than 1000years, before being uncovered and planted by scientists. is the currently recognized name for this species, which has been classified under the former names, Nelumbium speciosum ( Willd.) Ind J Pharm Sci 1996; 58: 59–66. [78], After lotus seed germination, crude protein and fat levels in the endosperm significantly increase. This plant is listed as a noxious weed in one or more Midwestern states outside Missouri and should not be moved or grown under conditions that would involve danger of dissemination. [17] In the growing season from April to September (northern hemisphere), the average daytime temperature needed is 23 to 27 °C (73 to 81 °F). Freeze-dried lotus seeds have a longer shelf life and maintain original nutrients, while no differences in flavour are found after rehydration compared to fresh lotus seeds. Cultivars can be classified by harvest time or by the depth of rhizomes into these types: The main popular Nelumbo nucifera cultivars in China are Elian 1, Elian 4, Elian 5, 9217, Xin 1 and 00–01. [29] In Australia, the cultivar grown for the fresh rhizome market is Quangdong and in Japan the common rhizome cultivars are Tenno and Bitchu. [26], Flower lotus cultivars are used exclusively for ornamental purpose, produce a large number of flowers and the lowest plant height. [44][49] The leaves of the floating lotus reduce sunlight reaching the lower part of the water. For water gardens or small ponds, plant roots in large containers or planting baskets with up to 24” of water covering the crowns. [64], The rhizomes are 60–14 cm (23.6–5.5 in) long, 0.5–2.5 cm (0.20–0.98 in) in diameter, yellowish white to yellowish brown, smooth and with nodes and internodes.[65]. Nymphaeaceae). Flower types differ in the number of petals (single petals, double petals or multi-petals) and their colours range from single colour in white, yellow, pink, red to bi-colour, most often of white petals with pink tip or highlights. The minimum water depth is about 30 cm (12 in). In India, lotus root (also known as kamal kakdi) is cooked as a dry curry or sabji. [26] The main popular cultivars for seed production in China are Cunsanlian, Xianglian 1, Zilian 2, Jianlian, Ganlian 62 and Taikong 36. et al. [18] In regions with low light levels in winter, the sacred lotus has a period of dormancy. The Egyptians believed that it was more valuable and better suited for their mysterious rituals of birth and rebirth. N. nucifera has an extremely long history in cultivation as a vegetable, medicinal, and ornamental plant in Eastern countries (Wang and Zhang, 2004). [73][74] They also provide water-soluble polysaccharides, alkaloids, flavonoids, superoxide dismutase and other bioactive components. Four months after planting, the production of flowers has its climax. Mukherjee PK. The flavonol miquelianin, as well as the alkaloids (+)-(1R)-coclaurine and (−)-(1S)-norcoclaurine, can be found in the leaves of N. Wu C, Xia Y, Tang X (2013) Optimization of fermentation process for lotus rice-wine production by response surface methodology. (Lotus), a perennial aquatic macrophyte species, belongs to the genus Nelumbo in the family Nelumbonaceae. Roots of these varieties are thin, fibrous and do not form good rhizomes. [2] Therefore, the Chinese regard the plant as a symbol of longevity. Dictionary ... or the pink or white Asian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), used as a religious symbol in Hinduism and Buddhism. [19] In Japan and on bigger farms the manual labour harvesting is fully replaced by machines. Rhizomes of adlittoral cultivars are crisp and good for, This page was last edited on 23 February 2021, at 05:42. The distinctive dried seed heads, which resemble the spouts of watering cans, are widely sold throughout the world for decorative purposes and for dried flower arranging. [25], Three months after planting, the first leaves and flowers can be harvested. Both Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera contain the alkaloids nuciferine and aporphine. [19][20][25][27][28] The large, starch rich rhizomes are easy to dig out of the drained soil. WordSense Dictionary: nucifera - meaning, definition. [3] It is the national flower of India and Vietnam. (Fam. [19] A majority of lotus production takes place in managed farming systems in ponds or flooded fields like rice. The lotus is often confused with the true water lilies of genus Nymphaea, in particular N. caerulea, the "blue lotus". It often predominates in plant communities in lakes and ponds (Wang and Zhang, 2005). [26] Regarding production area in China, rhizome lotus has the largest area with 200,000 ha (490,000 acres), followed by seed lotus with 20,000 ha (49,000 acres). [43], Young lotus stems are used as a salad ingredient in Vietnamese cuisine. The bowl-shaped flowers are hermaphroditic, solitary and large, up to 25 cm in diameter, with intense odours during anthesis. For this step, the field is not drained. Nymphaea nelumbo. In colder climates, such a low water level, which heats up more quickly, is helpful for better growth and flowering. It also works well in contained water gardens. Then a maximum of approximately 4000 rhizome pieces per hectare (10000 per acre)[26] are used to plant directly into the mud 10–15 cm (3.9–5.9 in) below the soil surface. 139-147. [29] A more efficient use of the water for both, the aquatic animal and the lotus production, has been identified with this planting pattern.[30]. The rhizomes of lotus (Chinese: 蓮藕 lián-ǒu) are consumed as a vegetable in Asian countries, extensively in China, Japan, and India: sold whole or in cut pieces, fresh, frozen, or canned. Info. [56][57][59][60] In Chinese medicine, seeds are still used as Lian Zi Xi. Conclusion. The stamens can be dried and made into a fragrant herbal tea (Chinese: 蓮花 茶; pinyin: liánhuā cha; Cantonese Yale: lìhnfāa chah), or used to impart a scent to tea leaves (particularly in Vietnam). Flowers are followed by nut-like fruits that are imbedded in the flat surface of a turbinate (inversely conical) receptacle (2-3” diameter) which resembles the shape of a watering can rose. 2012 ; Zhang et al. A terricolous vegetable is planted between the rhizomes into the drained field. Nelumbo nucifera, the Asian sacred lotus, the national flower of India, is considered as one of the ten most beautiful flowers in China. [11][12], The traditional Sacred Lotus is only distantly related to Nymphaea caerulea, but possesses similar chemistry. 1. In 1994, a seed from a sacred lotus, dated at roughly 1,300 years old ± 270 years, was successfully germinated. Blue lotus is a wonderful tonic that can also be fun. Krishan, Yuvrajmm, Tadikonda, Kalpana K., Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)– phytochemical and therapeutic profile", "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV", Texas A and M University Bioinformatics Working Group : Cronquist System, "Heat of Lotus Attracts Insects And Scientists", "Genome of the long-living sacred lotus (, "Sacred Lotus Genome Sequence Enlightens Scientists", "Scientists sequence genome of 'sacred lotus,' which likely holds anti-aging secrets", "Short Photoperiod Induces Dormancy in Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)", "Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Where is this species invasive in the US. Ad littoral, deep, and intermediate cultivars are distinguished according to the depth in which the rhizomes grow underground. Aphids and red spider mites are occasional pests (fish can help control these, however). Its roots and seeds are also used widely in cooking in East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. ", M.A. Pre-mature (early) cultivars are harvested before the end of July, serotinous (late) cultivars from September on and mid-serotinous or mid-matutinal cultivars are in between these harvest times. It is a large-flowered lotus that typically grows 3-6’ tall in shallow water and spreads by thickened rhizomes rooted in the mud. Nelumbo nucifera shows high potential for usage in wastewater treatment removing polluting compounds[44] and heavy metals. The pink Lotus is considered the supreme flower and holds such a sacred place in many cultures. Two species of lotus, the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and the American lotus (Nelumbo lutea), are the sole members of the aquatic family Nelumbonaceae. NCBI Nelumbo nucifera Annotation Release 101. [46] The accumulation of heavy metals doesn't show morphological symptoms of metal toxicity;[47] however, the rhizome quality for human consumption needs further study. The harvest of flowers is usually done by hand during three to four months. (noun) Dictionary ! Molecules 23(11) doi:10.3390/molecules23112899, Menendez-Perdomo, I. M. and P. J. Facchini (2020). [56][57] While leaves are used for hematemesis, epistaxis, and hematuria, the flowers are used for lowering blood sugar levels,[58] diarrhea, cholera, fever, and hyperdipsia. Tapiab, O. Martín-Bellosoa. [9], Researchers report that the lotus has the remarkable ability to regulate the temperature of its flowers to within a narrow range just as humans and other warmblooded animals do. Nelumbo nucifera is the species of lotus sacred to both Hindus and Buddhists. It also assimilates nitrogen ("denitrification") and creates a habitat for bacterial growth in the water body. It has been recorded in the most famous medicinal book in China … For other uses, see, Please review the contents of the section and, Tian, N., et al. (also 'Egyptian lotus') a lily regarded as sacred in ancient Egypt (the white-flowered Nymphaea lotus and the blue-flowered N. caerulea, family Nymphaeaceae). In Korea, lotus flower tea (연꽃차 yeon'kkot-cha) is made from the dried petals of the white lotus. Aim of the Study . An aquatic perennial with large showy flowers, the sacred lotus has long been considered a close relative of water lilies. nelumbo nucifera in tamil. [33][34] Lotus root tea is consumed in Korea. Pink Lotus Flower: Meaning and Symbolism. Tags: nelumbo nucifera meaning in tamil, nelumbo nucifera ka matalab tamil me, tamil meaning of nelumbo nucifera, nelumbo nucifera meaning dictionary. Nelumbo nucifera, also known as “Sacred Lotus” or “Indian Lotus”, is sacred to both Buddhists and Hindus and considered symbolic in a number of religions. The petals, leaves and rhizome can also all be eaten raw, but there is a risk of parasite transmission (e.g., Fasciolopsis buski): it is therefore recommended that they be cooked before eating. "Isolation and characterization of two O-methyltransferases involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)." [19] During winter time, the roots have to be stored at a frost free place. Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. A unique fabric called lotus silk, from the lotus plant fibers, is produced only at Inle lake, Myanmar and in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Therefore, mostly dry lotus seed-based products are found on the market. Each flower blooms for about three days, opening in the morning and closing at night each day. Under favorable circumstances, the seeds of this aquatic perennial may remain viable for many years, with the oldest recorded lotus germination being from seeds 1,300 years old recovered from a dry lakebed in northeastern China. Sridhar KR, Bhat R. Lotus: a potential nutraceutical source. LWT Food Science and Technology, 41 (2008), pp. This system is applicable if the propagule (small piece of rhizome) can be planted early in the year. [62] Nowadays there are 22 varieties for the four known Chinese lines, which are found particularly in Jianning (still called "the town of Jianlian lotus seeds in China") and Guangchang ("the town of white lotus seeds in China"). This fella is designed to sit dry and dormant for very long times. Lotus root is a moderate calorie root vegetable (100 g of root-stem provides about 74 calories) and is composed of several vitamins, minerals, and nutrients: 83.80% water, 0.11% fat, 1.56% reducing sugar, 0.41% sucrose, 2.70% crude protein, 9.25% starch, 0.80% fiber, 0.10% ash and 0.06% calcium. [25], Seeds and seed pods can be harvested when they turn black four to eight months after planting. [44] Through rhizofiltration, heavy metals – including arsenic, copper and cadmium – can be removed efficiently from the water. Lotus Flower - Nelumbo nucifera, also known as Indian lotus, sacred lotus, bean of India, Egyptian bean or simply lotus, is one of two extant species of aquatic plant in the family Nelumbonaceae. Lotus root is utilized as a popular vegetable in Sri Lanka, where it is often cooked in coconut milk gravy. The rhizomes, leaves and seeds of lotus are edible and are sometimes used in Asian cooking.Genus name comes from the Sinhalese name.Specific epithet means bearing nuts. nucifera. (also 'sacred lotus') a red-flowered Asian lily (Nelumbo nucifera, family Nelumbonaceae). [51] There are also several indications that compounds of N. nucifera are used in drug fabrication in human health research for multiple purposes.[52]. 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Benefits of Higenamine + Side Effects - SelfHacked Nelumbium speciosum Willd., copper and cadmium – can planted! Y ( 2012 ) Effect of germination on chemical and functional properties of lotus for the human consumption is in...